Soft drinks supply chain Essay Example

Soda pops gracefully chain Paper At present time however, changes have just been made in the previously mentioned Candler’s recipe including. With corn syrup currently utilized as a sugar rather than sugar, its bundling likewise developed with the changing requests of the purchasers. Today, a long way from the first soft drinks of the medication store’s soft drink wellsprings, carbonated sodas are bundled available to be purchased in different holders, for example, aluminum or metal jars, plastic jugs, and glass bottles. The organization additionally discharged a ‘New Coke’ recipe on April 23, 1985, however it didn't do well to those acquainted with the old Coca-Cola flavor so the old equation was reestablished. Coca-Cola’s achievement and prominence can be credited to Asa Candler’s forceful promoting of Coca-Cola. Along with Coca-Cola’s achievement, the interest for syrup deals expanded. The organization offers syrup to autonomous packaging organizations which have been offered permit to sell the soda pop. These days, Coca-Cola soda pops that are being devoured every day ascend to 9 digit figures (Bellis, 2007). Pepsi-Cola In 1898, Caleb Bradham, a drug specialist in North Carolina, had a soft drink wellspring in his drugstore. This is the place he served his clients invigorating beverages: carbonated water blended in with restorative and tasty fixings which he himself picked. What he named as ‘Brad’s drink’ turned into his scandalous beverage in his soft drink wellspring. The elements of the said drink were sugar, carbonated water, uncommon oils, pepsin, cola nuts and vanilla. He made the beverage in 1893 (Bellis, 2007). This specific mixture is to become ‘Pepsi Cola’ in 1898. It was renamed after the key fixings, pepsin and cola nuts. In that equivalent year, Bradham bought from a contender that failed the exchange name ‘Pep Cola’ at the cost of 100 US dollars. In June of 1903, the name Pepsi Cola was first presented and trademarked. We will compose a custom paper test on Soft beverages gracefully chain explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Soft beverages gracefully chain explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Soft beverages gracefully chain explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It was Bradham’s neighbor who accepted the position of planning the first since forever logo of Pepsi Cola. Business was fruitful until he bet on the variances of sugar costs during World War I bringing about the bankrupt of Pepsi Cola in 1923. The year 1931 saw to the exchange of Pepsi Cola possession to the ‘Loft Candy Company’. The then organization president Charles G. Guth changed the Pepsi Cola equation. In any case, this change made it hard for Guth to make Pepsi Cola a victor in the business so he turned to offering Pepsi Cola to the Coca-Cola Company, however without much of any result. 1940 saw to the making of Pepsi Cola history since it was at when the primary business jingle, entitled ‘Nickel Nickel’, was made and publicized all through the United States of America (Bellis, 2007). Like its rival, Coca-Cola, changes were presented in Pepsi Cola. In 1964, ‘Diet Pepsi’ was offered in the market. For more than 200 years, the specialty of delivering carbonated drinks has created bringing about its different structures that were planned to react to the necessities of its clients. Through its development, it has secured different economies of the nation’s businesses as key wellsprings of materials and administrations in the assembling of soda pops. This implied as the soda pop industry developed, different enterprises in the soda gracefully chain developed too. These ventures in the flexibly chain are the producers of fake improving operator, palatable acids, normal or fake flavors, and other key fixings that the business needs in its production of sodas. Hardware and bundling administrations additionally profited by the soda industry’s achievement. Notwithstanding the difficulties of complying with the regularly changing requirements of the clients since its commencement, the soda business have presented various packagings, from glass bottles with comparing stopper crowns, soda containers called ‘Hom-Paks’ in the 1920’s, aluminum jars, plastic jugs and today, the utilization of PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottles. Additionally along with these changes, the makers of soda pops altered their syrup blend to overcome the increasing expense of its key materials. Significant changes were made on its improving specialists to counter the increasing expense of sugar and to comply with consumer’s endorsement. From Saccharin to Nutra-Sweet, presently corn syrup supplanted sugar as a fixing to soda pops.

Strategic Management and Leadership for Rose - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theStrategic Management and Leadership for Golden Rose. Answer: The approach that we wish to make will be completed by an association or rather an organization considered Golden Rose Sydney whose targets will be founded on importation of protected blossoms. Likewise, the association will showcase the imported roses to wholesalers and retailers. Business case - Brief proclamation regarding why this association needs a Diversity Policy for instance. Nature of the business (What business would you say you are in?) Brilliant Rose Sydney Company is a business association that manages importation of saved roses. Later on, the organization gracefully the imported roses to go betweens, for example, wholesalers and retailers. Both the wholesalers and retailers are the principle focus for the business. Those two customers will at that point appropriate the roses to the last purchaser base of clients and buyers arrangements of inclination. Therefore, Golden Rose Sydney require an expanded approach. A broadened approach normally alludes to a business technique that business undertaking applies to ensure the product viable is very much figured out how to arrive at the last client at the most fitting time without causing delays related to dangers of vulnerability. In this manner, Golden Rose Sydney will profoundly utilize decent variety arrangement since the idea of the item viable is presented to dangers of harm if not very much took care of (Richard 2013). Assorted variety implies use of various arrang ements in an aggregate way to help advertising process alongside other applicable procedures including a specific item structure creation to utilization time allotments. As a reality, roses are truly transitory if not very much protected. All things considered, a differentiated strategy would be important to drag out their temperament to evade misfortunes related to perishability of these roses. Customer profile. The fundamental customers of Golden Rose Sydney are the wholesalers and retailers. Along these lines, the organization need to play the cards well when managing the two customers. These two customers structure a piece of middle people engaged with business tasks. Another customer engaged with this business is where the roses are imported from. All things considered, a very much enhanced arrangement is required by Golden Rose Sydney situated in the attested Client Profile. For determine this, the wellspring of these roses should be educated about the import in the most suitable time. All things considered, orders with respect to the importation procedure need to done preceding the real day of importation. This will encourage appropriate bundling of the roses to maintain a strategic distance from harm (Richard 2013). This will likewise guarantee that all the custom obligations imposed on these roses are paid in acceptable time to evade delay during assortment from the air terminal or t he seaport. For the instance of wholesalers and retailers, a decent variety arrangement is need to engage the in the resale of these item so as to have a smooth progression of business operations.8 Portray the normal advantages, for the association, to be picked up from actualizing a Diversity Policy ie will the business be increasingly productive/viable/gainful? Use of assorted variety arrangement will be exceptionally useful to Golden Rose Sydney if very much actualized. There will be more benefits that will be produced by applying assorted variety strategy. To begin with, roses imported will be in bigger amounts in light of the fact that an assorted variety approach is a type of showcasing procedure this will help Golden Rose Sydney to wander more territories to sell the item. Will expanded deals, unquestionably the benefits created will too increment fundamentally (Neil 2016). For proficiency and viability, assorted variety strategy assumes a significant job in activity of business exercises in Golden Rose Sydney. This is on the grounds that, through use of assorted variety approach, the organization will have the option to get to the hotspot for imports in great time just as to get to the wholesalers and retailer in proper occasions. Along these lines, instances of deferral and harm of roses is being decreased essentially. Time factor wi ll be coordinated from all channels of circulation if assorted variety strategy is calculated in by Golden Rose Sydney. Clarify how you will consolidate the accompanying enactment into your approach: Federation Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Act This is a significant go about most definitely. This is on the grounds that the organization will manage global network simply like this demonstration depends on worldwide norms. In that association, to join this demonstration, Golden Rose Sydney Company will offer great working conditions to the laborers without restricting their human rights (Neil 2016). At long last, the organization will offer work chances to all individual to join the two sexes, to consolidates individual of various races, religion, skin shading and different parts of human life. By doing that, we will make equivalent chances to a more extensive partner of individuals. Province Racial Discrimination Act/s This is another part of province act that should be clung to and joined by all business associations. In this demonstration, the organization will offer business chances to all individual in order to fuse the two sexes, to fuses individual of various races, religion, skin shading and different parts of human life (McGregor 2012). By doing that, we will make equivalent chances to a more extensive accomplice of individuals. The organization won't segregate the laborers dependent on their skin shading, religion, sexual orientation and race. This will advance universal connection in the business arrangement and fascination of clients from various sources. District Sex Discrimination Act The organization will consolidate the two sexual orientations in openings for work. This will be finished by making equivalent chances (Maslow 2013). All things considered, no individual will be forgotten about because of sexual orientation. Federation Disability Discrimination Act Another demonstration that should be fused around here dependent on human capacity. I accept incapacity isn't powerlessness (Ryan Deci 2017). All things considered, Golden Rose Sydney will offer unique situations to impaired people. They can be utilized in marking roses to definite clients. Name the key partners you will counsel when building up the approach. In what capacity will you clarify the advantages of the strategy to them? The key partners in this approach will incorporate the wholesalers, retailers, import authority, tax collection authority and brilliant rose Sydney laborers. Every one of these laborers need to cooperate as a group if this approach will be in a situation to accomplish the set targets in a given time period. The advantages of the decent variety approach will be appreciated by each partner. For the instance of wholesalers and retailers, the approach will profit them since more clients will buy roses from them. This that, will be visit flexibly of roses to wholesalers and retailers as request and gracefully systems recommend. Import authority will have the option to profit by colossal imports because of appeal of roses by conclusive buyer (Richard 2013). For the instance of tax assessment authority, the organization will have the option to pay custom obligation with shirking. At long last, Golden Rose Sydney laborers will pick up commissions and compensations from any additional work. By what method will you advance the advantages of the arrangement to individuals from your Organization? The legislature will have the option to produce income from the exercises of tax assessment authority, the organization will have the option to pay custom obligation with shirking. Once more, Golden Rose Sydney laborers will pick up commissions and compensations from any additional work. At long last, if the arrangement is very much started and actualized, there is high probability of decrease in expenses of importation and decrease in installment of custom obligations exacted on the imports. In the event that this is done precisely, Golden Rose Sydney Company will produce more benefits (Richard 2013). A portion of this benefit will be contributed. Another bit will be given to individuals from this associations as far as inspiration tokens, compensations and profits. In what manner will you measure the effect of your arrangement? The effect of execution of this arrangement will be estimated from the advantages acquired from the exercises led dependent on the strategy. All things considered, the organization may utilize time system to focus on the time span required to accomplish the goals. Thusly, on the off chance that the targets are accomplished inside the gave time period, at that point the approach consolidated would have gotten successful (Thomas 2009). Once more, in the event that the advantages related to this arrangement are assembled inside the time span, at that point, the strategy will be positioned compelling, productive and gainful. In what manner will you screen the viability of your approach? The adequacy of the strategy will be founded on amount of advantages accumulated by Golden Rose Sydney Company. In the event that the individuals from the organization can pick up the advantages inside the most suitable time, at that point the approach will be compelling. We can likewise screen the viability of the strategy by observing the amount of offer and advertising process. In the event that the amount sold in a given time span increment, at that point the strategy will be compelling (Shang Chin 2015). In the event that the deals made diminishing, at that point the arrangement isn't powerful. Who might you counsel when prescribing changes to the approach? When an arrangement is started and executed, what follows is observing the advantages certify to this strategy. Now and again, a business undertaking may understand that an arrangement under execution isn't completely supporting. In this manner, there could be a need to change from such an arrangement to another (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill 2009). All things considered, there is requirement for close encouragements. The best specialist for the strategy would be different speculators doing comparative exercises. This is on the grounds that, they will in general have similar issues while executing arrangements. They will help with tackling difficulties related to a specific arrangement. The organization can likewise counsel business specialists and approach creators for various thoughts that can be changed over into a pol

Introduction to the Gig Economy

Introduction to the Gig Economy You might have heard the term ‘gig economy’ thrown around a lot in recent years. But do you know what the term entails? © Shutterstock.com | Ditty_about_summerThis guide will explain what the gig economy is and what are the reasons behind it being a buzzword in the business world. We’ll study the size of the current gig economy and the difficulties behind measuring it. Finally, we’ll introduce you to the pros and cons of the sector.WHAT IS A GIG ECONOMY?Although the name might suggest something musical, gig economy doesn’t actually refer to musicians performing at gigs. Nonetheless, the term does build on from the idea of performing a single gig or a job, as the gig economy refers to temporary work positions.A gig economy is an environment where organizations contract with independent workers for short-term engagements and temporary projects.Instead of traditional full-time positions in a specific organization, ‘gig’ workers provide their services for one or more employers with flexible work arrangements. Traditionally, ‘gig’ workers, or ‘giggers’ are known as freelancers. But the w orkers can also include agency temporary workers, on-call workers, and standard part-time workers.The definition is relatively fluid, as different people include different aspects of employment to count as part of ‘gig’ work.The most common characteristics of a gig economy are:Buying and selling services, especially onlineBidding for services, think of services such as Uber and AirbnbPortfolio work provisionThe work arrangements in a gig economy are often found through networking, direct contact with organizations or through advertising.Technology has played a big role in connecting employers with ‘giggers’ through freelancing platforms and online job boards. Before the work commences, the two participants of the contract agree on the schedule and the payment for the job.Gig economy provides workers the option for hyper-flexible way of work. Freelancers can work on multiple projects at once or take on a single project. It’s also possible to work as a freelancer in the gig economy alongside traditional work.Gig economy has been on the increase in many countries in the past few years and we’ll examine the details in the next section. But in essence, gig economy means the overall economy has fewer long-term employees and more people working as freelancers.Read the following pages for deep insights into the gig economy.[slideshare id=59281626doc=beyondthegigeconomy-160308220017type=dw=640h=330]WHY IS THE GIG ECONOMY ON THE RISE?The current trend in the job market is increasingly pointing towards gig economy. According to the American Action Forum, the number of gig economy participants increased from 8.8% in 2002 to 14.4% in 2014.This shows the sector is growing fast, especially as the overall employment over the same period increased only by 7.2%.Although there’s little agreement, whether the gig economy is going to overtake the traditional job market, the indicators show interest and participation have increased, often more rapidly than traditional labor market. In the UK, only 8.7% of the workforce was self-employed in 1975, but by 2008, the number had risen to around 12%. The Telegraph pointed out how the number in 2016 has risen further to 16%.Interested in taking part in the gig economy? Then read the following slides where you can find platforms for becoming or hiring gig workers.[slideshare id=55146304doc=theuberizationofwork-151116063459-lva1-app6892w=640h=330]We’ll look at the size of the gig economy in more detail in the following section, but it’s helpful to understand why the increase in this hyper-flexible work happens. There are two interesting major influences behind the increase in the gig economy: the digital age and the introduction of the Millennials in the workforce.The digital ageDigitization of the workplace has played a major part in increasing interest towards self-employment and work that is more flexible. The technological revolution has had an impact by:Directly replacing specific types of work w ith software and decreasing the time it takes to perform certain tasks. This has reduced the need for permanent positions, as well as given birth the new kind of jobs with different skill requirements.Making certain tasks irrelevant to the location of the employee, allowing employees perform tasks from anywhere in the world. Since the tasks have been digitized, employers can be flexible in terms of where, when and how they perform these tasks.The introduction of Millennials in the workforceInterestingly, the introduction of Millennials has also livened up the gig economy. Millennials â€" the generation with birth years ranging from the early 1980s to 2000 â€" are expected to make up around 75% of the global workforce by 2025 and studies are showing they might be less likely to become the traditional type of employees.Some insights that help you understand Millenials.[slideshare id=33007501doc=millennialgeneration-140401170638-phpapp01w=640h=330]First, Millennials are already showcas ing much higher turnover rates than other generations. Millennial Branding report from 2013 highlighted how Millennials rarely stay in the same job for more than three years. They’ve also shown a higher preference for working for themselves.But what is driving this trend? Jean Twenge, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University, studied over million Millennials about their personal traits. The study found self-importance and self-esteem have increased in the past five decades, which directly reflects on how Millennials view work.Their value of freedom and work-life balance, as well as being their own boss, means they could be more driven to self-employment. Furthermore, a study conducted by Elance (the freelancing platform now known as Upwork) showed over 80% of Millennials viewing self-employment or freelancing as a cornerstone of their career strategy.Finally, it must be said that both trends have also somewhat impacted the third factor behind the growing trend of gi g work: financial necessity.Both digitalization and the increasing cost of hiring Millenials have partly increased the financial pressure organizations are feeling. Organizations have faced staff reductions and temporary work has been part of cost reduction strategies.Since certain jobs take less time, it’s often financially more viable to hire contractors rather than fill the position with a full-time staff member. For organizations, it might be easier to attract Millennials with contract work rather than full-time positions. It would also make sense financially, as the churn rate is high among the generation, as we saw above.Watch this panel discussion on the future of work in a sharing economy. WHAT IS THE CURRENT SIZE OF THE GIG ECONOMY?As mentioned in the previous section, the increasing trend towards gig work tends to lead to the assumption the gig economy is growing rapidly as well. But the real figures highlighting the size of the sector are relatively hard to come by.Ther e tend to be two camps when it comes to the estimates of the current size of the gig economy:Those who believe it is already a big marketThose who believe it’s potentially smaller than thoughtBefore we look at the arguments and supporting data behind these two ideas, it’s important to note two things.The data on the size of the gig economy is conflicting and similar studies can often be understood differently.Furthermore, there tends to be an issue of transparency behind the gig economy. The real figures are hard to come by, as freelancers might occasionally hide their freelancing work from the authorities in the hope of avoiding tax. This is especially the case with ‘occasional’ freelancing, which, if reported, would change the figures, even if the person were also participating in a full-time employment.In addition, the semantics around what constitutes as freelance work are changing. Occasional employment, such as babysitting, might not have been considered as ‘self-emp loyment’ or freelance work in the past, but could technically count as freelancing today.Gig economy is already a big marketMajority of the stories on the gig economy imply the size of the sector is growing rapidly and could be overtaking traditional employment any time now, if it hasn’t done so already. EconomicModeling.com, a data research group, conducted a study, which showed the share of traditional 9-to-5 workforce has declined to its lowest point in a decade in the US.Furthermore, the same study revealed the amount of independent contractors has risen to represent nearly 18% of the US workforce.In addition, Fusion’s Kevin Roose reported on a 2015 survey, which interviewed around 1,000 on-demand workers. 60% of the respondents said they receive 25% or more of their income from freelance work. With over 40% reporting that half of their income is from such work. This could indicate there’s been a clear rise in self-employment and self-employment income.Intuit, a manageme nt software company, conducted a survey into the gig economy and found it to be rising in the US. Buzzfeed reported on the findings, which showed there are currently 3.2 million Americans working in the sector. This is expected to grow to 7.6 million by 2020. According to the article, this is four times the amount of workers who work for Walmart.If you add part-time workers together with freelancers, the numbers tend to increase even more.According the Freelancers Union, one in three workers (53 million Americans) are ‘freelancing’. That’s around 34% of the US workforce. MBO Partners found similar estimates and predicted that in a decade, nearly half of the US labor market is made of ‘independent workers’.Similar figures aren’t just found in the US. In the UK, the Office for National Statistics found the number of self-employed to be on the rise, while the public sector workforce is diminishing.Gig economy is potentially smaller than thoughtBut there are skeptics who arg ue the above figures are inflated and the gig economy is not as big, as it’s made out to be.The Wall Street Journal wrote an article in 2015, refuting the idea the gig economy is creating a revolution in the workplace. The article looked at statistics in the US and claimed that instead of turning into a nation of freelancers, “Americans are becoming slightly less likely to be self-employed, and less prone to hold multiple jobs”.According to its research, self-employment has dropped in the US from 8.5% in the mid-1990s to 6.5% in 2015, citing data from the Labor Department. Furthermore, the data highlighted a decline in workers holding multiple jobs.In 1995, 6.3% of Americans held more than one job, but in 2015, the proportion had dropped to 4.8%.Other research also suggests the gig economy is still in the early days of its life cycle and far from being a dominant sector in the economy.Research by PwC shows the sector only accounts for 2% of the total recruitment market.  David Knight, an associate partner at KPMG, told Personnel Today that, “The gig economy and portfolio working is still in its infancy and is quite immature as many organizations have yet to see the value of employing people in this way.”Perhaps the difficulty of defining what constitutes as gig work is behind the problems in understanding the size of the sector. It’s easy to see, even from the data above, that by including certain definitions and excluding others, the data can tell a largely different story.WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF GIG ECONOMY?Whether or not the gig economy is as big as some suggest, it’s clearly part of the future labor market. Even if it doesn’t overtake the traditional job sector, it’ll nonetheless continue to have an influence on the global job market and the economy.But what impact does the gig economy have, both in terms of businesses and the workers? In this section, we’ll examine the pros and cons of a gig economy to organizations and gig worke rs.You should also watch the below Financial Times discussion on the gig economy and its implications for the future workforce: The benefits of a gig economyGig economy can have a huge positive impact on the labor market. Participating in the gig economy is not only beneficial for the worker, but it can also bring benefits to a business.To businessesFirst, organizations can benefit financially from hiring gig workers. Instead of having to hire a full-time employee for a position that is temporary in nature, organizations can contract the tasks and save resources.Hiring gig workers also reduces the need to spend resources on things such as training and office space. If work can be done digitally, companies don’t need the space for accommodating the worker. Furthermore, they can look to hire people who have the exact talents for the specific job and aren’t therefore, required to provide training beyond the initial introduction to the task.Businesses further benefit from the abilit y to find the best talent for specific programs. It’s not necessary to train in-house staff for a new project, as the organization can simply contract the job to a freelancer. This can ensure the most talented and skilled people are always in charge of specific tasks.Overall, organizations enjoy more flexibility. Workload within a company hardly remains static and adjusting to increasing or decreasing workload can be difficult with full-time staff. But if the organization relies largely on contract work, they can better adjust to the changing situation without having to fire long-term staff or finding a quick hire.To gig workersThe benefits to gig workers are rather evident in the reasoning behind Millennials preferring these roles. First, gig work can provide the worker more flexibility and therefore, create a better work-life balance. As the worker is in control of accepting or rejecting the work, it’s possible to schedule according to one’s personal preferences or needs.Fur thermore, gig work often means flexibility in terms of working from home, on the go, or a beach resort in the Bahamas. If the job is digitalized, the organizations don’t often care whether you do the work in your sweatpants or a suit, as long as it is done. Just look at how digital nomads use the gig economy to build online businesses.This also means the gig worker is more able to pick the jobs that seem the most interesting. In a full-time position, there isn’t much flexibility in accepting the work given to your desk each morning. But as a gig worker, you have a little more freedom to find the jobs you are passionate about and which are interesting to you.The downside of a gig economyWhilst there are a number of attractive sides to the gig economy, both businesses and workers should also prepare for the potential drawbacks.To businessesIntroduction of a gig economy means an organization must prepare for certain structural changes. These are mainly present in the company’s HR culture.Organizations must be able to solve issues such as:How to integrate different contract terms and conditions into a cohesive format?How offer pertinent benefits and rewards to gig workers?How to reduce HR admin burden in the face of increasing employee turnover?How to manage quality control? I.e. avoiding a situation where the contracts are just given to the cheapest bidder, rather than the best or the most reliable worker.Companies should also consider how they could protect the company’s knowledge advantage. If the organization is hiring a lot of outside workforce, the same workers might also work for direct competitors.The loyalty of temporary workforce is not necessarily the same as permanent employees, who have formed lasting relations inside the organization.To gig workersThe most obvious problem for gig workers is the loss in job protection and security. Temporary work, so far at least, doesn’t often provide the same benefits and protection as a permanent job. Ben efits such as maternity pay, healthcare and pension funds can reduce the attractiveness of gig work.Furthermore, the lack of job security can be stressful. If you work on a temporary basis, you need to constantly be looking for the next job. Not having a guarantee you’ll find more work can be emotionally and financially draining.A good perspective on the gig economy with Steven Hill. THE BOTTOM LINEWhile the current size of the gig economy can be difficult to measure, it is clear different types of contingent employment types are increasing. Freelancing, part-time work and self-employment have been pushed forward by the preferences of the new generation and the digitalization of the workplace. Part of the economy is also being driven by the economic necessities of the modern world.Gig economy could provide benefits to organizations and workers alike, but there are also negative aspects that need to be dealt with. The structural change of the workplace is likely going to be an impo rtant part of the conversation around labor in the coming years.

Nuclear Energy as a Power Source - 1029 Words

Nuclear energy as a Power Source Name: Syahmi Shamsul Class: English 1-2 Submission Date: 28 February 2013 Table of Contents 1. Introduction This report aims to explore the views of those who support nuclear energy as a source of electricity and those who oppose it. It will also analyze the issue of using nuclear energy as a power source, why this issue is so significant as well as the people involved in this issue. 2. The issue Due to the rising cost and at the same time, the declining availability of fossil fuel, many countries seek cheap, alternative ways to produce electricity for their people. As nuclear energy is cheap because of the large amount of uranium reserve on Earth and that it is also able†¦show more content†¦Such a possibility that can cause this to happen includes a nuclear accident like Fukushima accident in 2011 or unintended leakage where human population becomes overexposed to radiation. As a result, mutations can occur to victims and may permanently damage the gene structure which could result future generation to have abnormalities (Effects of Nuclear Radiation, 2011). 1.2.2 Waste from fission is radioactive Radioactive wastes from nuclear plants are a major concern for those who are against nuclear energy as the waste can last for over a thousand years until the radiation is gone (Australian Government Parliamentary Departments, 2010). Nuclear waste mainly includes water pollutant from the cooling system of nuclear plants. Water is essential for nuclear reactors to cool down so that it may not overheat. However, water that is no longer needed for the nuclear reactor, which is highly contaminated, need to be removed. Usually, nuclear plants pump this radioactive water into nearby rivers or into the seas. As this water is radioactive, it damages the ecosystem, hence causing harm to the environment. It can cause fish or marine live to die due to the harmful effects of radiation (Kivi, n.d.) 6. Conclusion As explored in this report, nuclear energy brings both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to producing energy. On one hand, it is an alternative source ofShow MoreRelatedThe Energy Source Of Nuclear Power1003 Words   |  5 PagesNuclear Power It is no question that the US is incredibly reliant on energy. In 2014 alone, the US used 98.324 quadrillion BTUs of energy. According to the US Energy Information Administration, Roughly 82% of that was fossil fuels. Renewable resources accounted for 10%, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and more, and the remaining 8% was nuclear power. This energy powered our televisions and drove our cars. Unfortunately, our reliance on fossil fuels brings with it serious side effects, includingRead MoreNuclear Power : A Source Of Energy881 Words   |  4 PagesAnother source of energy that is available is wind power. 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The Five Types Of Crime - 1398 Words

Crime Classification Iliana Clark American InterContinental University Abstract This essay will explain the five different types of crime. These include: Crimes against persons, Crimes against property, and Crimes of public morality, White-collar crimes and Cyber crimes. Statistics show that we are likely to be a victim of one of these crimes. This essay will explain each crime and their differences, providing a definition by category of crime. They are many types of crimes but I will be giving you two examples that fall into each category. Crime Classification Crimes against people come in different forms; each belongs to a category. Crimes against persons are crimes that are violent in nature. While crimes against property involves the taking of property or money. Then, we have crimes of public morality; these are usually victimless crimes, meaning there is no true victim of the crime. Many scams and frauds fall into the white-collar crime, to include schemes and tax evasion. 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Lean Operations †Dell Free Essays

string(170) " particular machine is being used and weather the machine is lean, depends primarily on the management infrastructure \(the way that the manager organizes his workers\)\." Lean Operations Today – Case of Dell Computers Co. – [pic] Instructor: C. Liassides Thessaloniki, 18/5/10 City College, Business 2ab Spring Semester Lean Operations Today – Case of Dell Computers Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Lean Operations – Dell or any similar topic only for you Order Now – A corporation is a living organism; it has to continue to shed its skin. Methods have to change. Focus has to change. Values have to change. The sum total of those changes is transformation. ~Andrew Grove There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all. ~Peter F. Drucker Abstract As the lean manufacturing philosophy has gained a lot of attention in the modern industry, this paper will analyze some basic concepts of lean operations and the importance of â€Å"Lean Thinking† in a competitive market. However, besides providing its advantages, the paper will have a close look at some most common managerial mistakes in implementing lean operations. Furthermore, through the real life case of Dell Company we will see how lean operations operate in practice and what difficulties may arise. – Table of Contents – Introduction3 Literature Review – Lean Operations3 Dell – Lean to the Bone6 Conclusion8 Reference List9 Appendix11 Figure 111 Introduction For the last few decades there has been a great talk about lean operations. Many companies have decided to implement lean operations as a result of the global competition and the shift from batch production to more personalized, individual production. However, even though the system promises numerous advantages, companies out there still fail to get the best out of it and in most cases experience various losses. The reason for such misfortune lies in the superficial examination of lean operations. To be more straightforward, one thing is to talk about it, and one thing is to implement it. Therefore, throughout the paper we will discus the basic concept of lean operations and some components of lean operations that managers usually tend to oversee. Furthermore, based on the real life company, Dell Computers, we will see what lean means in practice, what are its biggest advantages, but also what are its disadvantages and how it might suffer in the future. Literature Review – Lean Operations It all started after the WWII when the competitive Japanese market was recovering from the war crises. At that time the economy was experiencing raw material leakage, fluctuating customer’s demand, and no capital for automation. The need for a different production approach was necessity (Percy and Rich, 2004). The fist ones with a different production approach were Eiji Toyado and Taiichi Ohno of Toyota Motor Company who developed a lean production system ( i. e. Toyota Production System or TPS) or differently known as Just-In-Time (JIT) system (Stuart and Boyle, 2007). The system was nothing secret. It meant find the waste, eliminate the waste, have trucks deliver parts moments before they’re needed (no inventory), and know the demand (Levans, 2006). Further on, as the manufacturing industry grew, many different elements and techniques had started to adding up to the definition of lean, including six-sigma quality, visual display, defect prevention, one-piece flow, Kanban, setup time reduction, quality at source, just-in-time supply, preventative maintenance, value analysis and value stream mapping, etc. (Stuart and Boyle, 2007). According to Womack et al. 1990), depending on the type of manufacturing process, lean includes all these practices, but in different degrees of importance and intensity. Nevertheless, lean system as an operational system also has to manage on how to integrate all the those elements so they can fit and work together in order to attain waste reduction, production and quality improvement, as well as high workforce eng agement (Stuart and Boyle, 2007). Regarding to Womack and Jones (1996), this integration of elements in a working cell that reduces waste, improves productivity and quality, and enforces workforce engagements is called: â€Å"Lean Thinking†. Therefore, based on the success of processes used at Toyota, Womack and Jones (1996), proposes five key principles of the lean enterprise approach (see appendix, Figure 1) (Carnes and Hedin, 2005). The fist principle is called Value Stream Mapping (VSM). It is the process of â€Å"mapping the material and information flows of all components and sub-assemblies in a value stream that includes manufacturing, suppliers and distribution to the customer† (Seth and Gupta, 2005; p. 44). Once, we have mapped all wasteful activities[1] we can start the process of elimination of those activities in every value stream (Percy and Rich, 2004). The third principle is making the value flow run constantly (Carnes and Hedin, 2005). In other words, avoiding batch production and inventory queues by keeping things moving. According to Percy and Rich (2004), this is usually done by using modular designs, cellular working, general purpose machines, quick changeovers, multi-skilled operators, etc. The forth principle is basing flow on customer demand (pull). This principle is founded on the Kanban or differently, Work Flow Control system which states that materials are released into production only when the customer demands them ( i. e. nly when needed) (Percy and Rich, 2004). Finally, the fifth principle implies continuous improvement and pursue of perfection (Carnes and Headin, 2004). However, according to Professional Engineering (2005) this is just the first step in the lean process. The important thing is how to â€Å"make it stick† over a long period of time. Regarding to Professional Engineering (2005) the problem is t hat the companies nowadays are too static. After they implement lean operations, they tend to â€Å"sit† and wait for the things to happen. However, what Vasilash (2000) points out, lean operations are like a â€Å"journey with no end† (p. 3). In order to get the positive results, companies need to be constantly committed to the lean operations that they are running. There is no such a thing as â€Å"Whew! We are done. Thank God it’s over. † As Vasilash (2000) states: â€Å"it is never over† – or if it is, than our implementation of lean operations was of no use. But besides being continuous, a company in order to be lean has to have â€Å"lean workforce† (Carnes and Hedin, 2004). This is the part of lean where the importance of management infrastructure comes in place. According to Vasilash (2000), lean is a behavior rather than a product. How a particular machine is being used and weather the machine is lean, depends primarily on the management infrastructure (the way that the manager organizes his workers). You read "Lean Operations – Dell" in category "Papers" For example, if we put our grandmother behind an extra hi-tack computer that can do a billion things at the same time is not the same as if we would have a computer scientist. In the first case we would get much less machine utilization than in the second one. Therefore, we can say that it is the manager and the workers are the ones that makes the process lean. At the same time, it is not true that machines are unimportant. It is just that people within an organization are fundamental part of lean operations. Regarding to Vasilash (2000), comparing to products, information, supplier/customer, and process flow, management/trust and people are weighted as more important ( e. g. 50% comparing to 1. 6, 1. 8, etc. ). Moreover, Vasilash (2000) continues and states that before we start the process of implementation the fist thing that we should consider doing is building trust among the workers and managers and have them functionally organized. It is almost impossible to perform kaizen (Process/Flow) without considering management/trust and people. However, organizing workforce, building trust and commitment is not an easy thing to do. In other words, it is one of the biggest problems of lean operations (Percy and Boyle, 2005). Regarding to Carnes and Hedin (2004), numerous companies worldwide experience the problem of employees and management resistance. These resistances come from lack of upper management support, poor employee training, resistance to change, etc. After all, we are not all Japanese. Dell – Lean to the Bone As we have already mentioned in the introduction – One thing is to talk about lean operations, and another is to implement them. Therefore, the following discussion will focus on how some major world corporations, such as Dell, have managed to successfully implement lean operations and get the best out of it. Back in 1984, the founder of Dell Computers Company, Michael Dell, came up with an extraordinary and amazing idea: Selling PCs directly to consumers, avoiding retail stores and limiting customer support, thus offering radically lower prices than the competitors (Kharif, 2005). Soon afterwards, the company grew at an amazing speed becoming a multibillion company and a leader in the industry (Chopra and Sodhi, 2004). However, what actually has made the company a leader in the industry is the implication of its â€Å"Direct† approach, mostly being based on the Toyota Production System (TPS). The company takes orders directly and than builds product according to the order (Kharif, 2005). According to Breen and Aneiro (2004), in order to make the built-to-order process run smoothly, Dell relies on its unique supply chain systems. As the orders come directly form the customers (demand pull), Dell is able to know the exact demand for a particular product at any operating market and thus alert the suppliers. The way it alerts the suppliers is by connecting all suppliers and suppliers’ suppliers together, so when the information about sold product arrives, everybody is dealing with it (Pritchard, 2002). By doing this, the company manages to keep its inventory level at the lowest possible points. As Michel Dell argues, when dealing with inventory it is all about flow (Pritchard, 2002). Manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland is one of the rare hyper-efficient factories in the world. Regarding to Breen and Aneiro (2004), it has no warehouse, assembles nearly 70,000 computers every 24 hours, has two hours of inventory in its factories, and a maximum of just 72 hours across its entire operation. In other words, by keeping its stock for as little time as possible, the company manages to keep costs to the minimum and makes sure that the customer gets the brand new parts. Furthermore, other characteristics of the Dell business model that goes along with the TPS are employee commitment and continuous improvement (Pritchard, 2002) A key part in the organization is people. According to (inside) â€Å"Dell has a highly skilled workforce and puts a strong emphasis on education. † (p. 16). As a result, workers show more pride in the quality of their work and are willing to share ideas for further improvements (Kharif, 2005). Therefore, since there exists great employee commitment; continuous improvement in order to gain competitive advantage becomes unproblematic task. Regarding to Pritchard (2002), Dell is constantly working on improving its production process. One of the newer innovations is Dell’s PC cases that do not require any screws (snap shot system). This system simplifies assembly and at the same time improves reliability. At the end we can see that even though the Dell’s Direct Model is based on the TPS, it takes it to the new level. Its financial model is the company’s most powerful weapon on the market. The model creates a â€Å"cash-convention† cycle of 36 negative days by receiving payments from customers right away through credit cards the company is able to pull products directly form the supplier and builds and ships the product within 4 days (Breen and Aneiro, 2004). In other words, Dell is able finance its operation costs through suppliers. Another important aspect of the Direct Model is the management of supply-chain risk. Dell minimizes delay-related risk by using high-cost air transportation to deliver important parts from Far East, while for less expensive parts keeps some inventory that is shipped from the US on the regular basis. Moreover, Dell has some high-value suppliers in Asia on which it can rely on when needed (Breen and Aneiro, 2004). However, nowadays, there are too many academics out there suggesting that the Dell’s Direct Model is actually in crisis. They argue that it may no longer be an asset, but become a liability. One of such critics of the model is Berry Zellen (2004) who states that the biggest problem in Dell model is that the company is forgetting the basics of lean operations. As the years go on and the competition increase, the system is getting more and more complex which may result in terrible consequences. According to Gottfredson and Aspinall (2005), in 70% of lean cases with an increase in complexity meant rising costs and hindering the profit growth. The catch is either to keep things simple and target what customers actually need or to raise the prices. In Dell’s case the company is doing exactly what it should not. It increases the complexity but keeps the prices low (Zellen, 2004). This managerial move according to Zellen (2004) may have a detrimental effect on the company’s further growth. The reason why is because slowly in the USA (Dell’s biggest market) computers are becoming a commodity (e. g. Apple) and the market is moving on to the new level leaving all non-followers in a horrible financial struggle. Conclusion As we have seen so far, the bottom line of lean operations is: have flexible technology, break down operations to the basic elements, frequent materials movements, speed, and most importantly Simplicity. Without simplicity, companies like Dell that once where the leaders of lean operations are expected to experience some profit losses in the near future. The reason is that the company has forgone some of the basic principles of the lean philosophy – Constant Improvement and Keeping things Simple. How to cite Lean Operations – Dell, Papers

The Resumption Of Whaling By Norway Essays - Whaling, Animal Rights

The Resumption of Whaling by Norway A paper by Bryan Togias Introduction The following paper is about the resumption of whaling by Norway with a focus on the American attitude towards whaling in general. Whaling is a very sensitive issue for many people, including myself. There are many people who feel that whales are highly intelligent mammals, akin to humanity in many ways. They cite the fact that whales mate for life, the size of the average whales brain, and the proof that whales communicate with one another ; all of these traits they share with us. The anti-whaling people feel that to kill whales for their meat or oil, would be like killing people for their meat or oil. The pro whaling people don't buy any of their reasoning. The pro whaling people feel that it is their right to use their resources any way that they want, and no one can tell them what to do. These people don't feel that whales are intelligent or that the size of their brains has any thing to do with it. The people of Norway don't see a problem with whaling because they were raised w ith it. The anti-whali An international study by Milton Freeman and Stephen Kellert, published in 1992, surveyed people in 6 major countries including Australia, Germany, Japan, Norway, The United Kingdom and The United States about their attitudes towards whales and whaling. 57% of the US respondents confirmed that they "opposed the hunting of whales under any circumstances" and 55% felt that "even regulated whaling must be abandoned" (Skare 1994). Although none of the respondent groups showed a high level of knowledge on the subject, all seemed to agree on the following points. 1. The protection of whale habitats from pollution and disturbance. 2. Maintaining an "ecosystem" perspective in whale management. 3. Basing harvest levels on the most sound scientific advice available. In Norway where whale hunting was once a big industry the proponents of whaling scoff at the prospect of a world without whaling. Norway claims that whaling in their country dates back more than ten thousand years (Skare 1994) and that history, they claim, gives them the right to exploit the resources that they have available to them; what they don't say is that those "resources" aren't really their own to exploit. Eric Doyle, a member of Greenpeace, an environmental watchdog group, explained to me (over the telephone) that the boundaries that countries draw up don't mean anything to whales or even to whaling boats in some instances. Doyle, explained that because Norway is one of the very few countries that have resumed whaling ,their boats aren't closely watched, and are often overlooked because there aren't many of them out there (Doyle 1995). Norwegians who are involved in whaling, hunt Minke whales in the northeast Atlantic, where the whale stock is estimated to consist of approximately eighty-six thousand seven hundred minke whales (Donovan 1994). In the late eighties Norway imposed a ban on itself that ended whaling, commercially, whaling for the purpose of scientific research, however continued with no end in sight. The History of The Regulated Whaling Industry... Whaling has always been a source of income and, whales an endless source of useful products. The meat for our diets, the oil to lubricate our cars and bicycles, the blubber to make shampoo, soap, and many other products too numerous to mention (Skare 1994). However with the invention of synthetic oils and the notion of healthy living on our minds; the average American has little interaction with whale products. This fact has constituted the main body of the anti-whaling argument, as if to say, if the Americans can live without whaling then everyone else can too. In nineteen-twenty six, the League of Nations created a subcommittee to oversee and regulate the growing whaling industry; but it was not until nineteen forty-six that a working regulatory committee was established. At the initiative of the United States, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) was adopted by the League of Nations. The ICRW called for such a working committee, and thus the International Whaling Commission (IWC) was created. ICRW was intended to safeguard and regulate whale